Capture-the-Flag (CTF) challenges to help learners explore real-world cybersecurity/STEM scenarios through gamified learning. By applying key concepts in a fun, interactive environment, participants will deepen their understanding of essential cybersecurity knowledge while collaborating with peers. CTFs are crucial for developing real-world skills.
This OER presents findings from a comparative study of novice programmers engaging in face-to-face and hybrid pair programming. It explores collaboration patterns, role switching, satisfaction, and challenges, offering evidence-based insights for educators seeking to prepare students for effective teamwork in modern hybrid software development.





